How to Import Fabric from China: HS Codes, Duties, and Documentation

Importing fabric from China is a structured process that requires correct HS code classification, understanding of tariffs, and complete documentation. This guide provides a step-by-step framework for sourcing managers at mid-size apparel brands in Europe and North America.

Understanding HS Codes for Knit Fabrics

The Harmonized System (HS) is a global classification code for traded goods, administered by the World Customs Organization. Knit fabrics generally fall under HS Chapter 60, with subheadings for pile fabrics (6001), knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width ≤30 cm (6002), and others (6004, 6006). Correct classification is critical: errors can lead to duty overpayment or customs delays. Work with a customs broker or use official tariff schedules to confirm the 6- to 10-digit code for your specific fabric composition and construction.

Below is a reference table for common knit fabric HS codes and typical duty rates for US and EU imports (rates are approximate and subject to change):

HS CodeDescriptionUS Duty Rate (approx.)EU Duty Rate (approx.)
6001Pile fabrics, knitted or crocheted12-14%8-10%
6002Knitted/crocheted fabrics, width ≤30 cm10-12%6-8%
6004Knitted/crocheted fabrics, width >30 cm, with elastomeric yarn8-10%5-7%
6006Other knitted/crocheted fabrics10-12%6-8%

Always verify with your customs broker, as rates vary by specific subheading and origin. For example, cotton knit fabrics (e.g., 100% combed cotton) may fall under 6006.21 or 6006.22 depending on weight and construction.

Import Duties and Tariffs in 2026

U.S. tariffs on Chinese textiles have increased in recent years, pushing global fabric sourcing away from a single low-price logic and toward multi-country division of work. China’s price advantage has eroded, but its development value and quality remain strong. EU and other markets may have different duty rates; check the EU TARIC or your local customs authority. Preferential duty programs (e.g., GSP) generally do not apply to China; verify eligibility. Tariffs are ad valorem (percentage of value) and vary by HS code and origin. For example, a knit fabric classified under 6006.22 may face a US duty rate of 10-12%, while the same fabric entering the EU might be 6-8%. Stay updated on tariff changes, as US tariffs on Chinese goods have been dynamic.

Required Documentation for Customs Clearance

To clear customs, you need the following documents:

  • Commercial invoice: Must include seller/buyer info, description, HS code, quantity, unit value, and total value.
  • Packing list: Details weight, dimensions, and package contents.
  • Bill of lading (ocean) or air waybill (air): Evidence of contract of carriage.
  • Certificate of origin: May be required for tariff preference or verification.
  • Additional documents: Import license, textile declaration, or compliance certificates (e.g., OEKO-TEX) if required by destination country. Ensure all documents are consistent; discrepancies between invoice, packing list, and bill of lading trigger red flags and delays.

Step-by-Step Import Process from China

  1. Supplier selection: Verify factory credentials, certifications (e.g., OEKO-TEX, ISO 9001), and production capacity. For example, a factory with 200+ circular knitting machines and 1,000 tons monthly capacity can handle large orders.
  2. Sampling and quality approval: Request samples (15-30 days lead time), conduct lab tests, approve bulk production.
  3. Order placement and production: Agree on MOQ (e.g., 500 kg per color, 2,000 kg per order), lead time (35-45 days), and payment terms.
  4. Pre-shipment inspection: Arrange third-party QC or use factory’s 5-step QC (AQL 2.5).
  5. Shipping and logistics: Choose Incoterms (FOB, CIF), book freight, and prepare export docs.
  6. Customs clearance in destination: Submit docs, pay duties, and arrange inland transport. For more on sampling, see our guide on fabric sampling lead time and process.

Compliance Tips to Avoid Delays and Penalties

  • Ensure HS code accuracy: misclassification is a top cause of customs holds.
  • Keep all documentation consistent: discrepancies between invoice, packing list, and bill of lading trigger red flags.
  • Stay updated on tariff changes: U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods have been dynamic; monitor CBP announcements.
  • Work with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers familiar with textile imports.
  • Consider using a factory with strong compliance record and certifications (e.g., OEKO-TEX, ISO 9001) to simplify documentation. For more on how tariffs affect sourcing strategy, read US Textile Tariffs 2026: Global Supply Chain Impact.

FAQ

What is the HS code for cotton knit fabric?

Cotton knit fabrics typically fall under HS code 6006.21 (unbleached or bleached) or 6006.22 (dyed) for fabrics of cotton, weighing more than 200 g/m². Always verify with a customs broker, as the exact code depends on weight, construction, and finishing.

How much duty do I pay on fabric imported from China to the US?

US duty rates for knit fabrics from China range from 8% to 14% ad valorem, depending on the HS code. For example, pile fabrics (6001) may be 12-14%, while other knits (6006) are 10-12%. These rates are subject to change due to tariff actions.

What documents do I need to import fabric from China?

You need a commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, and certificate of origin. Additional documents may include an import license, textile declaration, or compliance certificates like OEKO-TEX if required by your country.

How long does it take to import fabric from China?

The total timeline is typically 50-80 days: sampling (15-30 days), bulk production (35-45 days), and shipping (15-30 days for ocean freight). Air freight can reduce shipping to 3-7 days but costs more.

Can I import fabric from China without a customs broker?

Technically yes, but it is not recommended. Customs brokers ensure correct HS code classification, duty payment, and documentation compliance, reducing the risk of delays and penalties. Most importers use a broker.

References

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